early 1800s essays

early 1800s essays There were many changes taking place in the US around the year 1800. The frontier land was constantly being pushed back by new settlements and would contribute to the history of slavery and African Americans. Louisana was purchased in 1803 and freedom-loving young settlers as well as successful cotton plantation masters moved west to try and exploit the unsettled land. This conflict was complicated by the Industrial revolution and development of the cotton gin which only promoted the use of slavery. The freedom-loving young settlers I mentioned were only one brand of explorers to the West. The other type of settler was the freedom-loving exploit whoever I can along the way type of settler who took many slaves with them and used the West to expand cotton production. African Americans played a large role in the exploration of the West. When Lewis and Clark set out in 1803 to explore the Louisiana Territory, Clark took his trusted slave York along. York distracted the Indians and provided food for Lewis and Clark through his skilled hunting and fishing. After the expedition was over, York was given his freedom and it is said that he returned to the West and became an Indian chief. The fur trade allowed many blacks to take a leading role in establishing the West. Africans bridged the gap between Indians and Europeans and became key to the success of the fur trade in these developing states. The exploration of the West was slowed by the political stress of this time period. The War of 1812 offered African-Americans yet another chance to serve their country. While blacks werent recruited as such to fight in the war, many blacks took up arms. New York, however, in 1814 passed an act that would raise two regiments of men of color. Each regiment would have about 1000 blacks that would be paid equal to that of whites. General Andrew Jackson, needing more soldiers, recruited many blacks to his company in the fall ...

Seven Lessons Reluctantly Learned from Publishing My First Book

Seven Lessons Reluctantly Learned from Publishing My First Book When your first book is finally accepted and (miracle!) published, you may think all your writing problems are solved. But I found that publication, like finally losing those stubborn ten pounds, isn’t the Nirvana we imagine it to be. In the process of publishing my first book, I’ve learned some important lessons, shared here. I hope these seven (and I’m sure they’re only a fraction) help you cushion your own publication shock and plan your counterattacks.   Ã‚      1. Tell everyone. Perfect your elevator pitch- a one-sentence explanation to rivet the person who’s getting off the floor ahead of you. Here’s mine: In Trust Your Life: Forgive Yourself and Go After Your Dreams, I apply practical spirituality to help you let go of regrets, relabel your past, and reach your lifelong yearnings. Then I mumble something about AmazonBNBooksAMillionKindleNook and whip out my bookmark, which coincidentally displays purchase and website information. For nonfiction pitches, see Ann Brandt, â€Å"Marketing Your First Nonfiction Book,† Writing World, 10:22, Nov. 18, 2010. For fiction pitches, see AuthorBuzz, authorbuzz.com/dearreader/firth.shtml. 2. Once you broadcast the good news, accept congratulations graciously. Don’t deflect: â€Å"Awww, it’s only my first. Miss Successful-Author-Five-Years-Younger has twelve.† Instead, reply like a seasoned author: â€Å"Thank you so much for your kind words.† 3. Climb on your platform. When you’ve finally finished the last revision, or, as experts counsel, much before, concentrate on your platform. This is everything you can think of to promote your book: book launch, ads, press releases, blogs, websites, social media, articles, interviews, book tours . . . . Post your book notice on Facebook, tweet about it, Pinterest it. See, for example, Clary Lopez, â€Å"The Ultimate Book Launch Party,† http://ezinearticles.com/?The-Ultimate-Book-Launch-Partyid=857042. 4. Watch out for promotion envy. Someone always does it bigger and better. Larger launches, finer wine, catered monogrammed mini-cakes, more blogs posted, excerpts published, ads placed, reviews acquired, book clubs toured, interviews given, TV shows graced, emails blasted, friends liked, tweets twitted. Do what you can- sanely. For inspiration, good judgment, and gentle stretching of your comfort boundaries, see Christina Katz’s excellent article on platform-publicity-building, â€Å"50 in Five Minutes a Day,† writersdigest.com/whats-new/50-simple-ways-to-build-your-platform-in-5-minutes-a-day. 5. Guard against Overwhelm. Staring at an endless list of bloggers inviting guests, radio shows inviting interviews, or excellent ezines for excerpts from your book, you can feel like you’ve been handed a shopping list for double septuplets. Regain your bearings 6. Write about what you’re experiencing. If you have the urge to write about the entire process, do it! Spilling can help frustration, worries, and engulfment. For the first ten days after acceptance, I kept a â€Å"Book Journal† that channeled much of my anxiety. A journal may seem like it’s taking you away from revisions or yet more promotion. But you’ll feel better, and you’ll have the makings of a blog. 7. There is writing life after publication. When your book finally appears, in print and multi-e-forms, and you’ve got the publicity on a decent schedule, go back to your writing routine. Get to the next writing project you left hanging or pine for. You’ll feel more balanced and, paradoxically, despite your first-book publication, more like a writer again. My new project (admittedly publicity-related) is excerpting passages from Trust Your Life into articles and editing them for appropriate markets, judiciously cutting and reworking snappy endings that don’t segue to the following chapters. These lessons should help arm you in advance to better ease the publication shock, handle the disenchantment, and regain your writing routine. And keep you glowing with the wonder of publishing your first book.

Whatever you choose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Whatever you choose - Essay Example All these units are arranged in hierarchical manner with specific responsibilities as well as tasks which they are obliged to carry out so as to maintain Nokia at its extreme levels of performance. In addition to the above information, it is important for one to know the role played by each unit that makes up Nokia organizational structure. Principally, the responsibility of managing all the operations of Nokia lies in the hands of the Group Executive Board of Nokia. The Chairman together with other members of the group is elected into their respective positions by the Board of Directors. The â€Å"devices† unit on the other hand carries the role of developing in addition to managing the portfolio of mobile devices that are produced for consumers. The â€Å"services† unit designs and develops Internet services that enable people to enjoy using mobile devices and the web. The â€Å"solutions† unit provides solutions to complications related to mobile devices, personalized devices as well as content integrated to consumers’ package. The â€Å"markets† unit is given the responsibility of ensuring that supply chains, brand, and marketing takes place successfully. It is also responsible for supplying devices, offering services as well as solutions to the consumers. Like other units, Corporate Developing unit plays very significant roles. â€Å"It offers operational support devices, services, solutions, and markets† (â€Å"Organizational Structure of Nokia Company†). Corporate Developing is also responsible for not only exploring corporate strategies, but also future growth opportunities for Nokia. Additionally, â€Å"Nokia-Siemens Network† is a unit of Nokia that carries the role of providing wireless along foxed network infrastructure communications in addition to networks service platforms. This unit also offers professional services both operators and service providers. Lastly but not least, NAVTEQ leads in providing comprehensive digital map data that

Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Criminal Justice - Essay Example Having in mind that there are many thoughts and perspectives on different theories that describe what contributes and constitutes to criminal behavior, psychopathic murderers should not face harsh judgments. The criminal justice practitioners in this case may have many special skills that allow them operate under any form of pressure, which does not happen due to the high levels of corruption. Such murderers hardly know what they are doing and it is the responsibility of the society to try to eliminate their chances of killing people since psychopathic murderers lack the capacity to control their behavior (Siegel, 2006). Traditional thinking inhibits change in the criminal justice and I believe that the current criminal justice should spare such murderers. In order for this to happen, command structures must get the priority for notable change to occur. Having talks with the community members are also, ways that the criminal justice practitioners seek to enhance their participation i n the policymaking and through such psychopathic murders can reduce (Siegel, 2006). When it comes to Schoenthaler’s study on diet and crime, I do not think there is any relationship between the two unless the study argued based on diet that may cause mental health problems. Previously, analysts have only been in a position use the previous cases in any situation to combine it with any public information to make crucial decisions unlike in other stages and at no one time did they have anything related to both crime and diet. Without understanding diet and crime, same mistakes would keep repeating, themselves where analysts will come up with all sorts of theories to relate crime o diet or vice versa. Diet only helps people to make guidance on the activities related to the body. On the other hand, diet can course crime where people commit crimes to get food for their families. In such a case, I totally agree with schoenthaler’s study on diet and crime (Siegel, 2006).

What would be political theorist Niccolo Machiavelli's position about Term Paper

What would be political theorist Niccolo Machiavelli's position about the Second Amendment in the contemporary United States - Term Paper Example He was one of the officials in the Florence Republican and was given a post to deal with military and diplomatic affairs. He was one of the most influential philosophers of the western politics. All other political theorist who came after him referred to him directly of indirectly in his or her work. His writings, like The Prince and The Discourses of the First Ten books of Titus Livius, are well remembered by many authors and politicians who came after him (Soll, 34). Through his creativity in politics, therefore it was possible to predict what he would have said on the second amendment on the United States’ constitution. This amendment was adopted in 1791 together with bill of rights. This amendment was to protect the United States citizens with the right of keeping and bearing firearms. However, Noccolo Machiavelli would have different opinions on this right to keep and bear arms. Machiavelli would support it and on the other hand, he would deny the rights giving different reasons. The second amendment grants the United States citizens to keep and bear firearms (Spitzer, 23). This right was given due to many reasons. Possession of the firearms was important in the following ways, it helps to repel dangerous invasions, grants one the right of personal defense, and it enables people in organizing militias. Machiavelli would have supported this amendment because in his writing, he said that before anything else, each person must be armed. He advised that military service should a responsibility to every citizen. Therefore, every citizen should have a possession of some firearms to ensure that the society is secured from any invasion. He supported possession of arms giving reasons that good men do not make war the only profession neither can a good government can allow its citizens to make war the only profession (Soll, 37). He advised that each government should practice the art on war during the time of peace but war should occur when it is necessary to acquire glory. He believed that every citizen is considered a good man when he uses those arms in a correct way that is meant for. In addition, a government is considered well government when it uses its military to serve that society in a wrong way. Therefore, he would support the second amendment of the constitution. Furthermore, Machiavelli would support the second amendment of the United States’ constitution, which grants citizens the right of possessing firearms by claiming that this right would show that the government thrusts its citizens. Failure to grant the citizens this right, it will show that the government lacks faith to the citizens. This would make the citizens hate the government. However, the citizens should not be disarmed to ensure that the relationship between them and the government is kept in touch. This shows that Machiavelli would support the second amendment of United States constitution. There are some reasons that would make Machiavelli oppose the second amendment of the United States constitution. As the constitution would give rights to the citizens to keep and bear firearms, Machiavelli will oppose it just in case the citizens will use the firearms in a wrong way. He would oppose it is saying that only good citizens would use the firearms during the necessary times to prevent invasion from other people. Those who will not follow this should be dealt accordingly. He said that not all people do good things all the time. This is because their minds change like tides and at times, they can cause arm without realizing what they are doing. Therefore, keeping and bearing of firearms should be abolished since it will cause a lot of harm if the citizens use them in a bad way. He would argue this idea that not everyone

Theory and the Principles of the Colorimeter

Theory and the Principles of the Colorimeter COLORIMETER Introduction Color of food is not a physical characteristic of food but it is an important quality attribute for foods. This is because color affects the acceptability and perception of consumer for the food and even preference and perception of flavor (Lewis, MJ. 1996). The color is determined by the selective absorption of different amounts of the wavelengths within the visible region. Changes of color can occur during food storage, maturation (ripeness), processing and others. Colorimetry is the scientific color measurement which used to express color in numerical terms and to measure the color differences between the specimens. The specimens can be paints, textiles, plastics, food and other products that may reflect or transmit color. Colorimeter is an instrument for psychophysical analysis by measuring the amount of light passing through a liquid. This instrument provides measurements that correlate with human eye-brain perception. Besides, the colorimeter is basically like a spectrophotometer but less complex as the spectrophotometer allows selection of any wavelength of light. Colorimeter measures the color through three wide-band filters which corresponding to the spectral sensitivity curves. A light source creates a beam of light that shines through a sample. The colorimeter then measures the amount of light transmitted or absorbed electronically and provides colorimetric data as tri-stimulus values (XYZ, L, a, b). The design of the Tristimulus colorimetry is about duplicate the response of the human eyes. A light source, three glass filters with transmittance spectra that duplicate the X, Y and Z curves and a photocell are required. This helps to get the reading of XYZ represents the color of the sample. Drawback of XYZ system is not visually uniform, that means one unit of color measurement in one area of the solid was visually different from the same unit in another area. Normally, the values of tristimulus are used to determine the direction and amount of any color difference if a color match is accurate. The colorimeter provided in this lab is Color Flex colorimeter from the Hunter Lab. Color Flex is a self-contained color measurement spectrophotometer which had been introduced in this lab. It can be used in production or in the laboratory for inspecting raw materials and evaluating the final product. Apart from this, the Color Flex is ideal for measuring powders, granules, pastes, liquids and opaque as it has its port-up or port-forward measurement orientations. The Color Flex require glass sample cup to hold the sample for measure and has a hole to insert the glass sample cup according to its size. Specialized versions of the Color Flex are available for the citrus industry and the tomato industry. These systems include specializes calibration standards and measurement scales appropriate for the industry. Based on nonlinearly compressed CIE XYZ color space coordinates, a Lab color space is a color-opponent space with the dimension L which for the lightness and the a and b are for the color-opponent dimensions (Hunter, Richard Sewall, 1948). This L, a, b values used in the system are calculated from tristimulus value (X, Y, Z) as the backbone of all mathematical color models. The first system which uses the opponent-color theory is the hunter Lab system (1958). This system states that the red, green and blue cone responses are remixed into opponent coders as they move up the optic nerve to the brain. Figure 4.0 Tristimulus colorimetr OBJECTIVES To measure the absorbance of particular wavelengths of light by a specific solution. To determine the concentration of a known solute in a given solution by the application of the Beer-Lambert law which state that the concentration of a solute is proportional to the absorbance. To understand the theory and the principles of the colorimeter. To understand the standard operation procedure to operate the colorimeter correctly. THEORY AND PRINCIPLE Color has various degrees of lightness and different values. Opponent-Colors Theory has been developed since the XYZ values are not easily to get understand in term of object. This theory is easier for the scientist perceive color, simplify understanding, improve communication of color differences and can be more linear thought out color space. Based on the basic of the opponent-color theory, the Hunter L, a, b color space is a three dimensional rectangular, where L (lightness) varies from 0 (black) to 100 (white), a which represent red-green axis with positive (redness) and negative (greenness) values, and b which represent yellow-blue axis with positive (yellowness) and negative (blueness) values. The values of 0 for the a* and b* always represent neutral. Once the L, a, b position of a standard color is determined, a rectangular tolerance box can be drawn around the standard. Today, there are two popular L, a, b color scales which are Hunter L, a, b and CIE L*, a*, b*. A color still has different numerical values between these two color scales even though these two are similar in the organization. In fact, the Hunter and CIE L*, a*, b* scales are both mathematically derived from the XYZ values. Neither scale is visually uniform, Hunter L, a, b is over expanded in the blue region of color space whereas CIE L*, a* and b* is over expanded in the yellow region. STANDARD OPERATION PROCEDURE ColorFlex Colorimeter The ColorFlex is placed on a flat and stable surface where near an electrical outlet. The system is turned on by pressing the Red (lightning bolt) key and is allowed to warm up for at least two hours before use. Before measuring sample, the instrument must be calibrated. Steps to standardize the colorimeter are carried out as below: The Down Arrow key is pressed until the menu is reached and then the Standardize is selected by pressing the Read key. As instructed, the sample pot should be covered with the black glass first. The black glass is covered at the sample port with the shiny side toward the port and the arrow on the glass should be pointed towards the scientist. The â€Å"thunderstorm† button is pressed. The sample pot then is covered with the white tile. Same with the black tile, the sample port is covered with the shiny side toward the port and the arrow on the glass should be pointed towards the scientist. The â€Å"thunderstorm† button is pressed and the values are showed on the periphery of the tile. A message which indicates the instrument is ready to read will be displayed when the standardization of the instrument is completed. The value of L*, a* and b* should be 50.87, -25.11 and 14.98 respectively. The sample cup must be cleaned before put the sample into it. Make sure that the sample must be at least fully covered the bottom surface of the cup. After closed the cover, the cup is put onto the sensor to measure the sample and take the reading. The L, a, b value will be show on the screen after the â€Å"thunderstorm† button is pressed and wait for a moment. The readings are recorded. Steps 5-7 are repeated for different samples. DATA Table 4.0 Standard Tristimulus Values . Table 4.1 Tristimulus Values of one-third volume of the Samples. Table 4.2 Tristimulus Values of two-third volume of the Samples. DISCUSSION From the demonstration, there are three samples which are green beans, red beans and dried red pumpkin seeds are used to measure by using the colorimeter. These three samples are also measure with different volumes. The L, a, b values are recorded. For the green bean, the small amount of the green bean sample shows the value of a* as 0.57 while the green bean sample with a higher volume get the value of a* as 0.46. This difference between the reading can be explained as the green bean with higher volume gives more greenness with it’s a* value is nearer to the negative values (low positive values). Moreover, the red bean with the low volume show the reading of the a* as 14.23 whereas the red bean with the higher volume show the reading of a* as 14.61. From this result, we can said that the red bean with higher volume are more redness than that of with the lower volume because it’s a* reading is more positive which indicate more redness. Same situation obtained from the dried red pumpkin seed. The high volume of red dried pumpkin seed has higher reading of a* as 27.11 compare than low volume of dried red pumpkin seed with reading of a* as 27.08. Next, green bean has showed that it is lightness with the value of L* as 37.13. It is more brightness than the red bean and also dried red pumpkin seed with the reading of L* as 22.89 and 26.46 respectively. In the demonstration, the value of a* of the green bean is 0.57 which means that are green in color in that sample. Besides, the b* values as 23.71 has showed that the green bean samples consists of more yellow color but less blue if compared to the standard value as it’s b* value is positive value and higher than that of the standard values. In the demonstration of red bean, it show that it consists of lowest lightness with the value L* as 22.89 if compared to others two samples. Thus, we can conclude that the red bean is the darkest among the samples. The a* value of red bean is 14.23 which means that there are red color in the sample and is more red than the standard which has the negative value of a* as -25.11. Moreover, the red bean has b* values as 8.16 and this showed that it consists of more yellow color but less blue color in it. Last, the dried red pumpkin seed has the L* value as 26.46 which is lower than that of green bean but higher than that of red bean. Among these three samples, the dried red pumpkin seed has the highest values of a* as 27.11. It showed that it consists of more red color than other samples. For the b* value, it’s b* value is about 13.82 which means that the dried red pumpkin seed also consist of more yellow color but less blue. Compare the results obtained, we can notice that the dried red pumpkin seed has higher values of L* and a* which showed it is more lightness and also more redness than the red bean. PRE-CAUTION STEP Make sure that the setting of the colorimeter is set as default setup before conduct the experiment to obtain accuracy data. The standard plates must be cleaned and make sure that it is free from dust and fingerprint. After done the calibration, put the black glass and the white tile back to the box to avoid scratching. The volume, size and weight of the sample must be standardized (constant). The amount of the samples must at least cover fully the bottom surface of the sample cup. The sample must be covered with the non-transparent black-coloured cover (light trap) when the readings are being taken. This helps to avoid the light sensitive colorimeter from the disturbance of other light sources. References Lewis, M. J. 2006. Physical Properties of Foods and Food Processing System. Cambridge: Woodhead Publishing Limited. Murano, P. S. 2003. Understanding Food Science and Technology. USA: Wadsworth/ Thomson Learning. Pankaj B. Pathare, Colour Measurement and Analysis in Fresh and Processed Foods: A Review. 2012. http://works.bepress.com/pankaj_pathare/3/.

John F Kennedy :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Across the centuries and across the continents, important figures have played key roles in the upbringing of our beloved America. As a country we have grown through the strengths of many people. John F. Kennedy has made his mark in America’s political and social society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On the histories plains of the state of Massachusetts, May 29, 1917 marked an important day in history. The birth of America’s 35th president: John Fitzgerald Kennedy. Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, his mother, would bear four boys and five girls. â€Å"She kept note cards for each of them in a small wooden file box and made a point of writing down everything from a doctor’s visit to the shoe size they had at a particular age (Menendez). John’s father, Joseph Patrick Kennedy, was appointed United States Ambassador to England and moved their with the family. There was always something going on in the Kennedy family. During the summer, the Kennedy children’s childhoods consisted of rendezvous’ to their summer home in cape cod. Jack attended a boarding school for boys named Choate. He was very popular with the other boys, though his head master once quoted, â€Å"He wasn’t the best student† (Menendez). In 1936, John graduat ed from Choate, where he ventured into his first year at Harvard, where his brother Joe was already a student.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After graduating from Harvard, John joined the Navy with his brother. Jack was made Lieutenant and assigned to the South Pacific as commander of a patrol torpedo boat, the PT-109. Lieutenant Kennedy had a crew of twelve men whose mission was to stop the enemy Japanese ships from delivering supplies to their soldiers. On August 2, 1943, Kennedy and his crew were patrolling the waters looking for enemy ships to sink and suddenly a Japanese destroyer traveling at full speed towards them became visible. With Kennedy at the wheel, he tried his best to veer sharply out of the way, but time proved no friend to him. The destroyer cut the PT – 109 straight in half and killed two of Kennedy’s men. With John’s keen and clever tactics he was able to get the surviving men to an island and get help. â€Å" Kennedy’s political apprenticeship began when he sought the nomination for the eleventh congressional district in the Democratic Party primary of Massachusetts† ( Silvestri 03 ). As the years went on, John F. Kennedy, a Democrat, served three terms in the House of Representatives, and in 1952 he was elected to the U.